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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metakognitives Training</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Das <b>metakognitive Training</b> für Psychose (MKT)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ist ein neuer Ansatz zur Behandlung sogenannter <a href="Schizophrenie#Positivsymptome" title="Schizophrenie">positiver Schizophreniesymptome</a>, v.&nbsp;a. <a href="Wahn" title="Wahn">Wahn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Training basiert auf den theoretischen Grundlagen der <a href="Verhaltenstherapie" title="Verhaltenstherapie">Verhaltenstherapie</a> der Schizophrenie, fokussiert jedoch insbesondere auf problematische Denkstile bzw. Denkverzerrungen, welche mit der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Positivsymptomatik in Zusammenhang gebracht werden.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hintergrund">Hintergrund</h2></div>
<p><a href="Metakognition" title="Metakognition">Metakognition</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bedeutet kurz gefasst, „das Denken über das Denken“. Im Rahmen des Trainings sollen Denkverzerrungen aufgedeckt und korrigiert werden. Die aktuelle Studienlage vermutet einen Zusammenhang zwischen Denkverzerrungen, wie dem voreiligen <a href="Schlussfolgerung" title="Schlussfolgerung">Schlussfolgern</a>, und der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von <a href="Psychose" title="Psychose">Psychosen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dementsprechend soll durch eine Korrektur der problematischen Denkstile eine Reduktion der Symptomatik herbeigeführt werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wirksamkeit">Wirksamkeit</h2></div>
<p>Das MKT wurde 2016 in die Behandlungsleitlinien für Schizophrenie der australischen und neuseeländischen Psychiatriegesellschaft aufgenommen (<a href="Evidenzbasierte_Medizin" title="Evidenzbasierte Medizin">„evidence-based treatment“</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mittlerweile empfehlen auch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (<a href="Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Psychiatrie_und_Psychotherapie%2C_Psychosomatik_und_Nervenheilkunde" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde">DGPPN</a>) sowie die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (<a href="Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Psychologie" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie">DGPs</a>) das MKT zur Behandlung von Schizophrenie/Psychose.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die beiden letzten <a href="Metaanalyse" title="Metaanalyse">Meta-Analysen</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> berichteten einen signifikanten Effekt zugunsten des MKT gegenüber Kontrollbedingungen für die Behandlung des Wahns und bestätigten damit eine Meta-Analyse von Eichner und Berna (15 Studien).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine frühere Meta-Analyse von van Oosterhout et al. (3–9 Studien je Parameter)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fand zunächst einen schwachen, aber nicht-signifikanten Effekt zugunsten des MKT, der signifikant wurde, nachdem neuere Daten einbezogen wurden. Die älteste Meta-Analyse von Jiang et al.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID26300597_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID26300597-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wurde an lediglich vier Studien vorgenommen und fand einen signifikanten Effekt für die Positivsymptomatik allgemein, aber nicht für Wahn. Für alle bisherigen Studien gilt allerdings, dass ein direkter Vergleich von MKT mit herkömmlicher <a href="Kognitive_Verhaltenstherapie" title="Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie">kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie</a> derzeit (2019) noch nicht vorliegt.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anpassungen_für_andere_Störungen"><span id="Anpassungen_f.C3.BCr_andere_St.C3.B6rungen"></span>Anpassungen für andere Störungen</h2></div>
<p>Das MKT für Psychose wurde in den Folgejahren für verschiedene Störungsbilder angepasst, Einzelstudien liegen für Borderline,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zwang,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Metakognitives_Training_bei_Depression" title="Metakognitives Training bei Depression">Depression</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bipolare Störungen<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und problematisches Glücksspielverhalten<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vor.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinical-neuropsychology.de/metakognitives_training/">Kostenlose Versionen des metakognitiven Trainings</a> (verschiedene Störungsgruppen)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Moritz, F. Bohn, R. Veckenstedt, B. Hottenrott, T. Woodward; Metacognition Study Group: <cite style="font-style:italic">Metakognitives Training für schizophrene Patienten (MKT). Manual</cite>. 6. Auflage. VanHam Campus Verlag, Hamburg 2016.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.au=S.+Moritz%2C+F.+Bohn%2C+R.+Veckenstedt%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Metakognitives+Training+f%C3%BCr+schizophrene+Patienten+%28MKT%29.+Manual&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.edition=6.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Hamburg&amp;rft.pub=VanHam+Campus+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steffen Moritz, Christina Andreou, Brooke C. Schneider, Charlotte E. Wittekind, Mahesh Menon: <cite style="font-style:italic">Sowing the seeds of doubt: a narrative review on metacognitive training in schizophrenia</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical Psychology Review</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>34</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 1.&nbsp;Juni 2014, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221873-7811%22&amp;key=cql">1873-7811</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>358–366</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.004">10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.004</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Sowing+the+seeds+of+doubt%3A+a+narrative+review+on+metacognitive+training+in+schizophrenia&amp;rft.au=Steffen+Moritz%2C+Christina+Andreou%2C+Brooke+C.+Schneider%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2014-06-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.cpr.2014.04.004&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=1873-7811&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Clinical+Psychology+Review&amp;rft.pages=358-366&amp;rft.volume=34" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">P. A. Garety, D. Freeman: <cite style="font-style:italic">The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The British Journal of Psychiatry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>203</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>5</span>, 1.&nbsp;November 2013, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220007-1250%22&amp;key=cql">0007-1250</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>327–333</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126953">10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126953</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187067?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24187067</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/203/5/327">rcpsych.org</a> [abgerufen am 23.&nbsp;Februar 2017]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=The+past+and+future+of+delusions+research%3A+from+the+inexplicable+to+the+treatable&amp;rft.au=P.+A.+Garety%2C+D.+Freeman&amp;rft.date=2013-11-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1192%2Fbjp.bp.113.126953&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=0007-1250&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Psychiatry&amp;rft.pages=327-333&amp;rft.pmid=24187067&amp;rft.volume=203" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. H. Flavell: <cite style="font-style:italic">Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="American_Psychologist" title="American Psychologist">American Psychologist</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>34</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>10</span>, 1979, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>906–911</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906">10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Metacognition+and+cognitive+monitoring%3A+A+new+area+of+cognitive-developmental+inquiry&amp;rft.au=J.+H.+Flavell&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.doi=10.1037%2F0003-066X.34.10.906&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&amp;rft.pages=906-911&amp;rft.volume=34" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cherrie Galletly, David Castle, Frances Dark, Verity Humberstone, Assen Jablensky: <cite style="font-style:italic">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>50</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>5</span>, 2016, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221440-1614%22&amp;key=cql">1440-1614</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>410–472</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867416641195">10.1177/0004867416641195</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Royal+Australian+and+New+Zealand+College+of+Psychiatrists+clinical+practice+guidelines+for+the+management+of+schizophrenia+and+related+disorders&amp;rft.au=Cherrie+Galletly%2C+David+Castle%2C+Frances+Dark%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.doi=10.1177%2F0004867416641195&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=1440-1614&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Psychiatry&amp;rft.pages=410-472&amp;rft.volume=50" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Gaebel, Alkomiet Hasan, Peter Falkai: <cite style="font-style:italic">S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie</cite>. Springer, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-662-59380-6, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>419</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.au=Wolfgang+Gaebel%2C+Alkomiet+Hasan%2C+Peter+Falkai&amp;rft.btitle=S3-Leitlinie+Schizophrenie&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783662593806&amp;rft.pages=419&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tania Lincoln, Anya Pedersen, Kurt Hahlweg, Karl-Heinz Wiedl, Inga Frantz. Hogrefe, 2019, abgerufen am 1. Januar 2020.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Evidenzbasierte Leitlinie zur Psychotherapie von Schizophrenie und anderen psychotischen Störungen</cite>. Hogrefe, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-8017-2883-0, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>140</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.au=Tania+Lincoln%2C+Anya+Pedersen%2C+Kurt+Hahlweg%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Evidenzbasierte+Leitlinie+zur+Psychotherapie+von+Schizophrenie+und+anderen+psychotischen+St%C3%B6rungen&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783801728830&amp;rft.pages=140&amp;rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&amp;rft.pub=Hogrefe" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yu-Chen Liu, Chia-Chun Tang, Tsai-Tzu Hung, Pei-Ching Tsai, Mei-Feng Lin: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Delusions in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Informs Evidence-Based Practice</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>15</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2018, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221545-102X%22&amp;key=cql">1545-102X</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>130–139</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12282">10.1111/wvn.12282</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/wvn.12282">wiley.com</a> [abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Juni 2018]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=The+Efficacy+of+Metacognitive+Training+for+Delusions+in+Patients+With+Schizophrenia%3A+A+Meta-Analysis+of+Randomized+Controlled+Trials+Informs+Evidence-Based+Practice&amp;rft.au=Yu-Chen+Liu%2C+Chia-Chun+Tang%2C+Tsai-Tzu+Hung%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.doi=10.1111%2Fwvn.12282&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=1545-102X&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Worldviews+on+Evidence-Based+Nursing&amp;rft.pages=130-139&amp;rft.volume=15" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rebecca Philipp, Levente Kriston, Jana Lanio, Franziska Kühne, Martin Härter: <cite style="font-style:italic">Effectiveness of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders in adults—A systematic review and meta‐analysis (METACOG)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>26</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, März 2019, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221063-3995%22&amp;key=cql">1063-3995</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>227–240</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2345">10.1002/cpp.2345</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpp.2345">wiley.com</a> [abgerufen am 1.&nbsp;Januar 2020]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+metacognitive+interventions+for+mental+disorders+in+adults%E2%80%94A+systematic+review+and+meta%E2%80%90analysis+%28METACOG%29&amp;rft.au=Rebecca+Philipp%2C+Levente+Kriston%2C+Jana+Lanio%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2019-03&amp;rft.doi=10.1002%2Fcpp.2345&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=1063-3995&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Clinical+Psychology+%26+Psychotherapy&amp;rft.pages=227-240&amp;rft.volume=26" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carolin Eichner, Fabrice Berna: <cite style="font-style:italic">Acceptance and Efficacy of Metacognitive Training (MCT) on Positive Symptoms and Delusions in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis Taking Into Account Important Moderators</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Schizophrenia Bulletin</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>42</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 2016, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221745-1701%22&amp;key=cql">1745-1701</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>952–962</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul%2Fsbv225">10.1093/schbul/sbv225</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26748396?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26748396</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Acceptance+and+Efficacy+of+Metacognitive+Training+%28MCT%29+on+Positive+Symptoms+and+Delusions+in+Patients+With+Schizophrenia%3A+A+Meta-analysis+Taking+Into+Account+Important+Moderators&amp;rft.au=Carolin+Eichner%2C+Fabrice+Berna&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.doi=10.1093%2Fschbul%2Fsbv225&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=1745-1701&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Schizophrenia+Bulletin&amp;rft.pages=952-962&amp;rft.pmid=26748396&amp;rft.volume=42" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. van Oosterhout, F. Smit, L. Krabbendam, S. Castelein, A. B. P. Staring: <cite style="font-style:italic">Metacognitive training for schizophrenia spectrum patients: a meta-analysis on outcome studies</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Psychological Medicine</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>46</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 2016, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220033-2917%22&amp;key=cql">0033-2917</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>47–57</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001105">10.1017/S0033291715001105</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/metacognitive-training-for-schizophrenia-spectrum-patients-a-metaanalysis-on-outcome-studies/D3CA53AE4B0B37359C1816D068A06DAE">cambridge.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Metacognitive+training+for+schizophrenia+spectrum+patients%3A+a+meta-analysis+on+outcome+studies&amp;rft.au=B.+van+Oosterhout%2C+F.+Smit%2C+L.+Krabbendam%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.doi=10.1017%2FS0033291715001105&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=0033-2917&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Psychological+Medicine&amp;rft.pages=47-57&amp;rft.volume=46" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-PMID26300597-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID26300597_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Jiang, L. Zhang, Z. Zhu, W. Li, C. Li: <i>Metacognitive training for schizophrenia: a systematic review.</i> In: <i>Shanghai archives of psychiatry.</i> Band 27, Nummer 3, Juni 2015, S.&nbsp;149–157, <a href="https://doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215065" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215065">doi:10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215065</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300597?dopt=Abstract">PMID 26300597</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526827/">PMC&nbsp;4526827</a> (freier Volltext) (Review).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisa Schilling, Steffen Moritz, Levente Kriston, Maria Krieger, Matthias Nagel: <cite style="font-style:italic">Efficacy of metacognitive training for patients with borderline personality disorder: Preliminary results</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Psychiatry Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>262</span>, April 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>459–464</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.024">10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.024</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165178117307886">elsevier.com</a> [abgerufen am 4.&nbsp;Januar 2020]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+metacognitive+training+for+patients+with+borderline+personality+disorder%3A+Preliminary+results&amp;rft.au=Lisa+Schilling%2C+Steffen+Moritz%2C+Levente+Kriston%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Psychiatry+Research&amp;rft.date=2018-04&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2017.09.024&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=459-464&amp;rft.volume=262" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steffen Moritz, Lena Jelinek, Marit Hauschildt, Dieter Naber: <cite style="font-style:italic">How to treat the untreated: effectiveness of a self-help metacognitive training program (myMCT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>209–220</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=How+to+treat+the+untreated%3A+effectiveness+of+a+self-help+metacognitive+training+program+%28myMCT%29+for+obsessive-compulsive+disorder&amp;rft.au=Steffen+Moritz%2C+Lena+Jelinek%2C+Marit+Hauschildt%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Dialogues+in+Clinical+Neuroscience&amp;rft.pages=209-220&amp;rft.volume=12" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lena Jelinek, Mirjam Faissner, Steffen Moritz, Levente Kriston: <cite style="font-style:italic">Long‐term efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Depression (D‐ MCT ): A randomized controlled trial</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">British Journal of Clinical Psychology</cite>. 16.&nbsp;Dezember 2018, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220144-6657%22&amp;key=cql">0144-6657</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>bjc.12213</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12213">10.1111/bjc.12213</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjc.12213">wiley.com</a> [abgerufen am 4.&nbsp;Januar 2020]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Long%E2%80%90term+efficacy+of+Metacognitive+Training+for+Depression+%28D%E2%80%90+MCT+%29%3A+A+randomized+controlled+trial&amp;rft.au=Lena+Jelinek%2C+Mirjam+Faissner%2C+Steffen+Moritz%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2018-12-16&amp;rft.doi=10.1111%2Fbjc.12213&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=0144-6657&amp;rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Clinical+Psychology&amp;rft.pages=bjc.12213" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lena Jelinek, Marit Hauschildt, Charlotte E. Wittekind, Brooke C. Schneider, Levente Kriston: <cite style="font-style:italic">Efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>85</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 2016, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220033-3190%22&amp;key=cql">0033-3190</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>231–234</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000443699">10.1159/000443699</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/443699">karger.com</a> [abgerufen am 4.&nbsp;Januar 2020]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Metacognitive+Training+for+Depression%3A+A+Randomized+Controlled+Trial&amp;rft.au=Lena+Jelinek%2C+Marit+Hauschildt%2C+Charlotte+E.+Wittekind%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.doi=10.1159%2F000443699&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=0033-3190&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Psychotherapy+and+Psychosomatics&amp;rft.pages=231-234&amp;rft.volume=85" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paula Haffner, Esther Quinlivan, Jana Fiebig, Lene-Marie Sondergeld, Elisa Sophie Strasser: <cite style="font-style:italic">Improving functional outcome in bipolar disorder: A pilot study on metacognitive training</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>25</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, Januar 2018, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>50–58</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2124">10.1002/cpp.2124</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cpp.2124">wiley.com</a> [abgerufen am 4.&nbsp;Januar 2020]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Improving+functional+outcome+in+bipolar+disorder%3A+A+pilot+study+on+metacognitive+training&amp;rft.au=Paula+Haffner%2C+Esther+Quinlivan%2C+Jana+Fiebig%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2018-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1002%2Fcpp.2124&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Clinical+Psychology+%26+Psychotherapy&amp;rft.pages=50-58&amp;rft.volume=25" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Josefine Gehlenborg, Lara Bücker, Mira Berthold, Franziska Miegel, Steffen Moritz: <cite style="font-style:italic">Feasibility, Acceptance, and Safety of Metacognitive Training for Problem and Pathological Gamblers (Gambling-MCT): A Pilot Study</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Gambling Studies</cite>. 2020, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09975-w">10.1007/s10899-020-09975-w</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Metakognitives+Training&amp;rft.atitle=Feasibility%2C+Acceptance%2C+and+Safety+of+Metacognitive+Training+for+Problem+and+Pathological+Gamblers+%28Gambling-MCT%29%3A+A+Pilot+Study&amp;rft.au=Josefine+Gehlenborg%2C+Lara+B%C3%BCcker%2C+Mira+Berthold%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Journal+of+Gambling+Studies&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10899-020-09975-w&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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